A research paper by Kristinn I. Heinrichs, with the US Canoe and Kayak Team.
Canoe and kayak slalom at its highest level demands a combination of power and flexibility, as well as boat handling and white water skills. Whilst direct traumatic injuries are due to the use of improper biomechanics or repeated overloading of the muscle-tendon unit. Wrist problems have been noted to be the most frequent injury to the flat water athlete, but the shoulder has been observed by the author over the past three competitive seasons to be the most vulnerable and most frequently injured structure in slalom canoe and kayak athletes.
